An Ancient Fortress on the Island

An Ancient Fortress on the Island

Deep inside Siberia there is a lake, one of thousands others. And in the middle of this lake there is a small island. And on this island people have found an ancient fortress, which is dated more than 1500 years old. Excavations are needed in order to reveal all its view for visitors, but even now from the air its a nice site in different times of the year. First part of photos were made during short Siberian summer:







And here are the photos from the winter:





And these photos were made in April. In April in Siberia there is still a lot of snow, but ice on some lakes already melted.

Great Batman Sachin Tendulkar

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: सचिन रमेश तेंडुलकर; born 24 April 1973) is an Indian cricketer widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the leading run-scorer and century maker in Test and One Day International cricket.^[8][9][10] He is the only male player to score a double century in the history of ODI cricket.^[11][12] In 2002, just 12 years into his career, Wisden ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Donald Bradman, and the second greatest one-day-international (ODI) batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards.^[13] In September 2007, the Australian leg spinner Shane Warne rated Tendulkar as the greatest player he has played with or against.^[14] Tendulkar was the only player of the current generation to be included in Bradman's Eleven.^{[nb 1]} He is sometimes referred to as Little Master or Master Blaster.^[16][17] Tendulkar is taken as an inspiration not only by cricketers but also by different international sports persons ^[18]
Tendulkar is the first player to score fifty centuries in all international cricket combined, he now has 95 centuries in international cricket. On 17 October 2008, when he surpassed Brian Lara's record for the most runs scored in Test Cricket, he also became the first batsman to score 12,000, 13,000 and 14,000 runs in that form of the game,^[19] having also been the third batsman and first Indian to pass 11,000 runs in Test cricket.^[20] He was also the first player to score 10,000 runs in one-day internationals, and also the first player to cross every subsequent 1000-run mark that has been crossed in ODI cricket history and 200 runs in a one-day international match. In the fourth Test of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia, Tendulkar surpassed Australia's Allan Border to become the player to cross the 50-run mark the most number of times in Test cricket history, and also the second ever player to score 11 Test centuries against Australia, tying with Sir Jack Hobbs of England more than 70 years previously.^[21] Tendulkar passed 30,000 runs in international cricket on 20 November 2009, and has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan award, India's second highest civilian award, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sporting honor. Tendulkar became the first sportsperson and the first personality without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of Group Captain by the Indian Air Force.^[22] He won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards.[23

                                                                                                      Sachin Tendulkar

Contents

• 1 Early years and personal life
• 2 Early domestic career
• 3 International career
  • 3.1 Early career
  • 3.2 Rise through the ranks
  • 3.3 Captaincy
  • 3.4 Injuries and apparent decline
  • 3.5 Return to old form and consistency
  • 3.6 2007/08 tour of Australia
  • 3.7 Home series against South Africa
  • 3.8 Sri Lanka Series
  • 3.9 Return to form and breaking the record
  • 3.10 ODI and Test Series against England
  • 3.11 Sri Lanka ODIs
  • 3.12 New Zealand Series
  • 3.13 Compaq Cup in Sri Lanka
  • 3.14 ICC Champions Trophy 2009
  • 3.15 India-Australia ODI Series
  • 3.16 Sri Lanka Series
  • 3.17 Bangladesh Test Series
  • 3.18 Series against South Africa in 2010
• 4 Indian Premier League
• 5 Style of play
• 6 Controversies
  • 6.1 Mike Denness incident
  • 6.2 Controversy over Ferrari customs waiver
• 7 In popular culture
  • 7.1 Fan following
• 8 Business interests
  • 8.1 Product and brand endorsements
• 9 Biographies
• 10 Career achievements
  • 10.1 Individual honours and appreciations
• 11 See also
• 12 Notes
• 13 References
• 14 Further reading
• 15 External links 

  Early years and personal life

   

  Tendulkar was born in Bombay (now Mumbai). His father, Ramesh Tendulkar, a Marathi novelist, named Tendulkar after his favourite music director, Sachin Dev Burman. Tendulkar's elder brother Ajit encouraged him to play cricket. Tendulkar has two other siblings: a brother Nitin, and sister Savita.
  Tendulkar attended Sharadashram Vidyamandir (High School),^[2] where he began his cricketing career under the guidance of his coach and mentor, Ramakant Achrekar. During his school days he attended the MRF Pace Foundation to train as a fast bowler, but Australian fast bowler Dennis Lillee, who took a world record 355 Test wickets, was unimpressed, suggesting that Tendulkar focus on his batting instead.^[24]
  When he was young, Tendulkar would practice for hours on end in the nets. If he became exhausted, Achrekar would put a one-Rupee-coin on the top of the stumps, and the bowler who dismissed Tendulkar would get the coin. If Tendulkar passed the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Tendulkar now considers the 13 coins he won then as some of his most prized possessions.^[25]
  While at school, he developed a reputation as a child prodigy. He had become a common conversation point in Mumbai circles, where there were suggestions already that he would become one of the greats. His season in 1988 was extraordinary, with Tendulkar scoring a century in every innings he played. He was involved in an unbroken 664-run partnership in a Lord Harris Shield inter-school game in 1988 with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli, who would also go on to represent India. The destructive pair reduced one bowler to tears and made the rest of the opposition unwilling to continue the game. Tendulkar scored 326* in this innings and scored over a thousand runs in the tournament.^[26] This was a record partnership in any form of cricket until 2006, when it was broken by two under-13 batsmen in a match held at Hyderabad in India.
  When he was 14, Indian batting legend Sunil Gavaskar gave him a pair of his own ultra light pads. "It was the greatest source of encouragement for me," he said nearly 20 years later after surpassing Gavaskar's world record of 34 Test centuries.^[27] On 24 May 1995,^[28] Sachin Tendulkar married Anjali, a paediatrician and daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta. They have two children, Sara (born 12 October 1997), and Arjun (born 24 September 1999).^[29]
  Tendulkar sponsors 200 underprivileged children every year through Apnalaya, a Mumbai-based NGO associated with his mother-in-law, Annabel Mehta.^[30]
  

  Early domestic career

  On 11 December 1988, aged just 15 years and 232 days, Tendulkar scored 100 not out in his debut first-class match for Bombay against Gujarat, making him the youngest Indian to score a century on first-class debut. He followed this by scoring a century in his first Deodhar and Duleep Trophy.^[31] He was picked by the Mumbai captain Dilip Vengsarkar after seeing him negotiate Kapil Dev in the nets,^[2] and finished the season as Bombay's highest run-scorer.^[32][33] He also made an unbeaten century in the Irani Trophy final,^[34] and was selected for the tour of Pakistan next year, after just one first class season.^[35]
  His first double century was for Mumbai while playing against the visiting Australian team at the Brabourne Stadium in 1998.^[2] He is the only player to score a century in all three of his Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy debuts.^[36]
  In 1992, at the age of 19, Tendulkar became the first overseas born player to represent Yorkshire^[2][37] Tendulkar played 16 first-class matches for the county and scored 1070 runs at an average of 46.52.^[38]
  

  International career

  Early career

  Tendulkar played his first Test match against Pakistan in Karachi in 1989 aged just 16. He made just 15 runs, being bowled by Waqar Younis, who also made his debut in that match, but was noted for how he handled numerous blows to his body at the hands of the Pakistani pace attack.^[39] In the final test in Sialkot, he was hit on the nose by a bouncer, but he declined medical assistance and continued to bat even as he gushed blood from it.^[40] In a 20 over exhibition game in Peshawar, Tendulkar made 53 runs off 18 balls, including an over in which he scored 28 runs off Abdul Qadir.^[41] This was later called "one of the best innings I have seen" by the then Indian captain Kris Srikkanth.^[42] In all, he scored 215 runs at an average of 35.83 in the Test series, and was dismissed without scoring a run in the only One Day International he played.^[43][44]
  The series was followed by a tour of New Zealand in which he scored 117 runs at an average of 29.25 in, Tests including an innings of 88 in the Second Test.^[45] He was dismissed without scoring in one the two one-day games he played, and scored 36 in the other.^[46] On his next tour, to England in 1990, he became the second youngest cricketer to score a Test century as he made 119* at Old Trafford.^[40] Wisden described his innings as "a disciplined display of immense maturity" and also wrote:^[47]
  

  "He looked the embodiment of India's famous opener, Gavaskar, and indeed was wearing a pair of his pads. While he displayed a full repertoire of strokes in compiling his maiden Test hundred, most remarkable were his off-side shots from the back foot. Though only 5ft 5in tall, he was still able to control without difficulty short deliveries from the English paceman."

  Tendulkar further enhanced his development during the 1991–1992 tour of Australia, that included an unbeaten 148 in Sydney and a century on a fast, bouncing pitch at Perth. Merv Hughes commented to Allan Border at the time that "This little prick's going to get more runs than you, AB."[48]

  Rise through the ranks

  
  

  Tendulkar waits at the bowler's end.
  Tendulkar's performance through the years 1994–1999 coincided with his physical peak, in his early twenties. On the day of the Hindu festival Holi, Tendulkar was told to open the batting at Auckland against New Zealand in 1994.^[49] He went on to make 82 runs off 49 balls. He scored his first ODI century on 9 September 1994 against Australia in Sri Lanka at Colombo. It had taken him 79 ODIs to score a century.
  In 1996 against Pakistan in Sharjah, Indian captain Mohammed Azharuddin was going through a lean patch. Tendulkar and Navjot Singh Sidhu both made centuries to set a record partnership for the second wicket. After getting out, Tendulkar found Azharuddin in two minds about whether he should bat. Tendulkar convinced Azharuddin to bat and Azharuddin subsequently unleashed 29 runs in mere 10 balls. It enabled India post a score in excess of 300 runs for the first time in an ODI. India went on to win that match.
  Tendulkar's rise continued when he was the leading run scorer at the 1996 Cricket World Cup, scoring two centuries.^[50] He was the only Indian batsman to perform in the infamous semi-final against Sri Lanka. Tendulkar fell amid a batting collapse and the match referee awarded Sri Lanka the match after the crowd began rioting and set fire to the stadium.
  This was the beginning of a period at the top of the batting world, culminating in the Australian tour of India in early 1998, with Tendulkar scoring three consecutive centuries. These were characterized by a premeditated plan to target Australian spinners Shane Warne and Gavin Robertson, to whom he regularly charged down the pitch to drive over the infield. This technique worked as India beat Australia. The test match success was followed by two scintillating knocks in Sharjah where he scored two consecutive centuries in a must-win game and then in finals against Australia tormenting Shane Warne once again. Following the series Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.^[51] He also had a role with the ball in that series, including a five wicket haul in an ODI. Set 310 runs to win, Australia were cruising comfortably at 3 for 203 in the 31st over when Tendulkar turned the match for India taking wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for just 32 runs in 10 overs.^[52]
  Tendulkar single-handedly won the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka to pave way for India's entry into the semifinals, when he took four Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in just 128 balls.
  A chronic back problem flared up when Pakistan toured India in 1999, with India losing the historic Test at Chepauk despite a gritty century from Tendulkar himself. The worst was yet to come as Professor Ramesh Tendulkar, Tendulkar's father, died in the middle of the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Tendulkar flew back to India to attend the final rituals of his father, missing the match against Zimbabwe. However, he returned with a bang to the World cup scoring a century (unbeaten 140 off 101 balls) in his very next match against Kenya in Bristol. He dedicated this century to his father.^[53]
  

  Captaincy

  Tendulkar's two tenures as captain of the Indian cricket team were not very successful. When Tendulkar took over as captain in 1996, it was with huge hopes and expectations. However, by 1997 the team was performing poorly. Azharuddin was credited with saying "Nahin jeetega! Chote ki naseeb main jeet nahin hai!",^[54] which translates into: "He won't win! It's not in the small one's destiny!".^[55]
  Tendulkar, succeeding Azharuddin as captain for his second term, then led India on a tour of Australia, where the visitors were comprehensively beaten 3–0 by the newly crowned world champions.^[56] Tendulkar, however, was at his usual best and won the player of the tournament award as well as player of the match in one of the games. After another Test series defeat, this time by a 0–2 margin at home against South Africa, Tendulkar resigned, and Sourav Ganguly took over as captain in 2000.
  Tendulkar remains an integral part of the Indian team's strategic processes. He is often seen in discussion with the captain, at times actively involved in building strategies. Former captain Rahul Dravid publicly acknowledged that Tendulkar had been suggesting moves such as the promotion of Irfan Pathan up the batting order which, although only temporary, had an immediate effect on the team's fortunes. In 2007, Tendulkar was appointed vice-captain to captain Rahul Dravid.^[57] During the Indian team's 2007 tour of England, Dravid's desire to resign from the captaincy became known. The BCCI President Sharad Pawar personally offered the captaincy to Tendulkar.^[57] However, Tendulkar asked Pawar not to appoint him captain, instead recommending Mahendra Singh Dhoni to take over the reins.^[57] Pawar later revealed this conversation, crediting Tendulkar for first forwarding the name of Dhoni, who since achieved much success as captain.^[57]
  

  Injuries and apparent decline

  Tendulkar continued performing well in Test cricket in 2001 and 2002, with some pivotal performances with both bat and ball. Tendulkar took three wickets on the final day of the famous Kolkata Test against Australia in 2001. Tendulkar took the key wickets of Matthew Hayden and Adam Gilchrist, centurions in the previous test.
  In the 2002 series in the West Indies, Tendulkar started well, scoring 79 in the first test, and 117 in the first innings of the second. Then, in a hitherto unprecedented sequence, he scored 0, 0, 8 and 0 in the next four innings, getting out to technical "defects" and uncharacteristically poor strokes. He returned to form in the last test scoring 41 and 86. However, India lost the series. This might have been the beginning of the "decline" phase in his career which lasted till 2006.
  Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia retained the trophy that they had won in 1999, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award.
  He continued to score heavily in ODI cricket that year, with two hundreds in a tri series involving New Zealand and Australia.
  The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003/04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series, with 241* in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position. He followed up the innings with an unbeaten 60 in the second innings of the test. Prior to this test match, he had had an unusually horrible run of form, failing in all six innings in the preceding three tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.
  He scored an unbeaten 194 against Pakistan at Multan in the following series. The 194 was controversial as he was stranded prior to reaching his double century as a result of a declaration by Rahul Dravid. In meeting with the press that evening, Tendulkar responded to a question on missing 200 against Pakistan by stating that he was disappointed and that the declaration had taken him by surprise.^[58] Many former cricketers commented that Dravid's declaration was in bad taste.^[59][60] The media noted at the time that the decision had apparently been made by Sourav Ganguly,^[61] and Ganguly himself later admitted that it had been a mistake.^[62] The controversy was put to rest when Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar and coach John Wright spoke to the media after the team's victory and stated that the matter was spoken internally and put to rest.^[63]
  Tennis elbow then took its toll on Tendulkar, leaving him out of the side for most of the year, coming back only for the last two tests when Australia toured India in 2004. He played a part in India's victory in Mumbai in that series with a fast 55, though Australia took the series 2–1.
  On 10 December 2005 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Tendulkar scored his record-breaking 35th Test century, against the Sri Lankans.
  In the test series in Pakistan in 2006, Sachin failed to get going in all three innings despite the pitches being flat tracks. In the third of those three innings, he was bowled comprehensively after making 26, and ended up on all fours. This prompted The Times of India to publish an article entitled "Endulkar" in which TOI opined that Tendulkar's batting prowess had declined and his career had slid permanently.
  On 6 February 2006, he scored his 39th ODI hundred, in a match against Pakistan. He followed with a run-a-ball 42 in the second one-day international against Pakistan on 11 February 2006, and then a 95 in hostile, seaming conditions on 13 February 2006 in Lahore, which set up an Indian victory.
  On 19 March 2006, after scoring an unconvincing 1 off 21 balls against England in the first innings of the third Test in his home ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd,^[64][65] the first time that he had ever faced such flak. Tendulkar was to end the three-Test series without a single half-century to his credit, and news of a shoulder operation raised more questions about his longevity. Tendulkar was operated upon for his injured shoulder. In July 2006, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that Tendulkar had overcome his injury problem following a rehabilitation programme and was available for selection, and he was eventually selected for the next series.
  Tendulkar's comeback came in the DLF cup in Malaysia and he was the only Indian batsman to shine. In his comeback match, against West Indies on 14 September 2006, Tendulkar responded to his critics who believed that his career was inexorably sliding with his 40th ODI century. Though he scored 141*, West Indies won the rain-affected match by the D/L method.
  In the preparation for the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Tendulkar was criticized by Greg Chappell on his attitude.^[66] As per the report, Chappell felt that Tendulkar would be more useful down the order, while the latter felt that he would be better off opening the innings, the role he had played for most of his career. Chappell also believed that Tendulkar's repeated failures were hurting the team's chances. In a rare show of emotion, Tendulkar hit out at the comments attributed to Chappell by pointing out that no coach has ever suggested his attitude towards cricket is incorrect. On 7 April 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India issued a notice to Tendulkar asking for an explanation for his comments made to the media.^[67]
  At the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies, Tendulkar and the Indian cricket team, led by Rahul Dravid had a dismal campaign. Tendulkar, who was pushed to bat lower down the order by the Greg Chappell had scores of 7 (Bangladesh), 57* (Bermuda) and 0 (Sri Lanka). As a result, former Australian captain Ian Chappell, brother of the then Indian coach Greg, called for Tendulkar to retire in his column for Mumbai's Mid Day newspaper.^[68]
  During this period from about 2002 to 2006–7, Tendulkar's batting often seemed to be a shadow of its former self. He was inconsistent, and his big knocks mostly came in sedate, accumulative, uncharacteristic fashion. He seemed to have either cut out or lost the ability to play many shots, including the hook and pull and many other aerial strokes. He also developed a tendency to go without scoring much for long periods and become overtly defensive. While players such as Ponting and Kallis were at the peak of their careers, Sachin's seemed to be in terminal decline. There were several calls from him to retire too.
  However after the 2007 World Cup, his career had a second wind and his consistency and form have returned.
  

  Return to old form and consistency

  In the subsequent series against Bangladesh, Tendulkar returned to his opening slot and was Man of the Series. He continued by scoring two consecutive scores of over 90 in the Future Cup against South Africa. He was the leading run scorer and was adjudged the Man of the Series.^[69]
  
  
  

  Tendulkar celebrates upon reaching his 38th Test century against Australia in the 2nd Test at the SCG in 2008, where he finished not out on 154
  On the second day of the Nottingham Test (28 July 2007) Tendulkar became the third cricketer to complete 11,000 Test runs.^[70] In the subsequent One day series against England, Tendulkar was the leading run scorer from India^[71] with an average of 53.42. In the ODI Series against Australia in October 2007 Tendulkar was the leading Indian run scorer with 278 runs.^[72]
  Tendulkar was dismissed seven times in 2007 between 90 and 100, including three times at 99, leading some to suggest that he struggles to cope with nerves in this phase of his career. Tendulkar has got out 23 times between 90 and 100 in his international career. On 8 November 2007 he got out on 99 against Pakistan in an ODI at Mohali to the bowling of Umar Gul caught by Kamran Akmal. In the fourth ODI, he got out on 97 (off 102 balls with 16 fours) after dragging a delivery from Umar Gul on to his stumps, falling short of another century in ODIs in 2007.
  

  2007/08 tour of Australia

  In the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, 2007–08, Tendulkar showed exceptional form, becoming the leading run scorer with 493 runs in four Tests, despite consistently failing in the second innings. Sachin scored 62 runs in the first innings of the first Test at the MCG in Melbourne, but couldn't prevent a heavy 337-run win for Australia. In the controversial New Years Test at Sydney, Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 154 as India lost the Test. This was his third century at the SCG, earning him an average of 221.33 at the ground. In the third Test at the WACA in Perth, Sachin was instrumental in India's first innings score of 330, scoring a well compiled 71, as India went on to record a historic triumph at the WACA. In the fourth Test at Adelaide, which ended in a draw, he scored 153 in the first innings, involving in a crucial 126 run stand with V.V.S. Laxman for the fifth wicket to lead India to a score of 282 for 5 from 156 for 4. He secured the Player of the Match award.
  In the One-Day International Commonwealth Bank Tri-Series involving Sri Lanka and Australia, Tendulkar became the first and only batsman to complete 16,000 runs in ODIs. He achieved this feat against Sri Lanka on 5 February 2008 at Brisbane. He started the CB series well notching up scores of 10, 35, 44 and 32, but could not convert the starts into bigger scores. His form dipped a bit in the middle of the tournament, but Tendulkar came back strongly in India's must-win game against Sri Lanka at Hobart, scoring 63 off 54 balls. He finished the series with a match winning 117 not out off 120 balls in the first final,^[73] and 91 runs in the second final.^[74]
  

  Home series against South Africa

  In the first test of a three-test series against South Africa at home, Tendulkar made a duck in the first innings. He missed the rest of the series, which was drawn 1–1, with an injury.
  

  Sri Lanka Series

  Before the three-Test series in Sri Lanka in mid-2008, Tendulkar needed just 177 runs to go past Brian Lara's record of 11,953 runs in test cricket. However, he failed in all six innings, scoring a total of just 95 runs. India lost 1–2.
  

  Return to form and breaking the record

  In the following ODI series against Sri Lanka, Tendulkar was sidelined due to injury. However, during the following Australia tour of India, he returned to fitness and form, scoring 13 and 49 in the first test before making 88 in the first innings of the second test, thus breaking the record for most number of Test runs held by Brian Lara. He also reached the 12,000 run mark when he was on 61. He made a fifty in the third test and 109 in the fourth, as India won the series 2–0 and regained the Border-Gavaskar Trophy.
  

  ODI and Test Series against England

  Tendulkar was again out due to injury from the first three ODIs of a 7-match ODI series at home against England, but he made 11 in the fourth ODI and 50 in the fifth, before the ODI series was called off due to the Mumbai terror attacks, the scoreline being 5–0 to India.
  England returned for a 2-match test series in December 2008, and in the first test in Chennai, chasing 387 for victory, Tendulkar made 103 not out in a 163-run unbroken fifth wicket stand with Yuvraj Singh. This was his third century in a fourth match innings, and the first which resulted in a win. This was redemption for the Chennai Test of 1999 when chasing 271 against Pakistan, Sachin had made 136 with severe back pain and was out 17 runs short of the target, precipitating a collapse and a loss by 12 runs. He dedicated this century to the victims of the Mumbai terror attacks. Tendulkar failed in both innings in the second test, India won the series 1–0.
  

  Sri Lanka ODIs

  In early 2009, India revisited Sri Lanka for five ODIs, as the Pakistan series had been cancelled due to the security situation in Pakistan and the attacks in Mumbai. In the first three ODIs, Sachin made 5, 6 and 7. Then he was injured again.
  

  New Zealand Series

  India's next assignment was the away series against New Zealand. It consisted of three Tests and five ODIs. In the ODI series, Tendulkar started off with 20 in the first match followed by 61 in the second. Then he made a 163 not out in the third ODI, an innings ended by stomach cramps that forced him to retire hurt. India made 392 and won easily. Sachin was out of the next two ODIs due to injury but India won the series 3–1 with one game washed out. Tendulkar made 160 in the first test, his 42nd Test century, and India won. He made 49 and 64 in the second test and 62 and 9 in the third, in which India were prevented from winning by rain on the last day. India won the series 1–0.
  

  Compaq Cup in Sri Lanka

  Tendulkar rested himself for the ODI tour of West Indies, but was back for the Compaq Cup (Tri Series) between India, SL and New Zealand in early September 2009. He made 46 and 27 in the league matches before notching up 138 in the final, as India made 319 and won by 46 runs. This was Tendulkar's 6th century in ODI finals and his third consecutive score of over 50 in such finals. India has won all six times that Tendulkar has made a hundred in an ODI final.
  

  ICC Champions Trophy 2009

  Tendulkar played just one innings in the ICC Champions trophy in South Africa, scoring 8 against Pakistan as India lost. The next match against Australia was washed out and he was out with food poisoning in the third match against the Windies, as India were eliminated after beating the Windies and finishing third in their group.
  

  India-Australia ODI Series

  Australia returned for a seven-match ODI series in India in October, and Tendulkar made 14, 4, 32 and 40 in the first four games.
  In the fifth match, with the series tied at 2–2, Australia amassed 350/4 in 50 overs. Tendulkar made his 45th ODI hundred, a 175 off just 141 balls. Just when it seemed that he would steer India to the large victory target, he paddle-scooped debutant bowler Clint McKay straight to short fine leg, with India needing 19 from 18 balls with four wickets left. The Indian tail collapsed, and they lost by 3 runs, being all out for 347.
  During this match, Tendulkar also became the first player to reach 17,000 ODI runs, and achieved his personal best against Australia, as well as the third highest score in a defeat. He described it as one of his best innings but said it could have been better had India won the match.
  

  Sri Lanka Series

  In the ODIs against Sri Lanka in 2009–10, Tendulkar scored 69, 43, 96 not out and 8, as India won 3–1.
  In the Test Series, he scored a 100 no out in the first test, which was drawn, and a fifty in the second. India won the series 2–0.
  

  Bangladesh Test Series

  Sachin rested himself for the ODI tri series in Bangladesh in 2010. In the Tests against Bangladesh, he made 105 not out and 16 in the first test, and 143 in the second. India won 2–0.
  

  Series against South Africa in 2010

  In the 2-Test Series against South Africa, Tendulkar made seven and 100 in the first test and 106 in the first innings of the second test. In the course of the second 100 (his 47th Test Hundred) he achieved several landmarks, in that he had scored four hundreds in his last four matches and that the hundred against South Africa in the first Test was the first at home against South Africa. The century was also his hundredth score over 50 in International Test cricket, moving him to 92 international hundreds (Tests and ODIs combined). In the subsequent ODI series, Tendulkar was run out in the first ODI for four runs, but made a strong comeback in the second match, scoring a brisk hundred off just 90 balls. This also took his tally of hundreds to 46 in ODIs and 93 in tests and ODIs combined. He finished the match on 200*, thus becoming the first batsman in the history of ODI cricket to score a double century, eclipsing Saeed Anwar's 194 against India and Charles Coventry's 194* versus Bangladesh.^[75][76]
  

  Indian Premier League

  Tendulkar was made the icon player and captain for his home side, the Mumbai Indians in the inaugural Indian Premier League Twenty20 competition in 2008.^[77] As an icon player, he was signed for a sum of US$1,121,250, 15% more than the second-highest paid player in the team, Sanath Jayasuriya.^[78]
  In 2010 edition of Indian Premier League, Mumbai Indians reached the final of the tournament. Tendulkar made 618 runs in 14 innings during the tournament, breaking Shaun Marsh's record of most runs in an IPL season. He was declared player of the tournament for his performance during the season. He also won Best Batsman and Best Captain awards at 2010 IPL Awards ceremony.
  

  Style of play

  
  

  Tendulkar plays a wristy leg-side flick
  Tendulkar is cross-dominant: He bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but writes with his left hand.^[79] He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Cricinfo columnist Sambit Bal has described him as the "most wholesome batsman of his time".^[2] His batting is based on complete balance and poise while limiting unnecessary movements and flourishes. He appears to show little preference for the slow and low wickets which are typical in India, and has scored many centuries on the hard, bouncy pitches in South Africa and Australia.^[2] He is known for his unique punch style of hitting the ball over square. He is also renowned for his picture-perfect straight drive, often completed with no follow-through. Recently, legendary Indian batsman Sunil Gavaskar, in an article he wrote in the AFP, remarked that "it is hard to imagine any player in the history of the game who combines classical technique with raw aggression like the little champion does".^[6]
  Sir Donald Bradman, considered by many as the greatest batsman of all time, considered Tendulkar to have a batting style similar to his. In his biography, it is stated that "Bradman was most taken by Tendulkar's technique, compactness and shot production, and had asked his wife to have a look at Tendulkar, having felt that Tendulkar played like him. Bradman's wife, Jessie, agreed that they did appear similar."^[80][81]
  
  
  

  Tendulkar at the crease, getting ready to face a delivery
  Former Australian cricket team coach John Buchanan voiced his opinion that Tendulkar had become susceptible to the short ball early in his innings because of a lack of footwork.^[82] Buchanan also believes Tendulkar has a weakness while playing left-arm pace.^[82] He was affected by a series of injuries since 2004. Since then Tendulkar's batting has tended to be less attacking. Explaining this change in his batting style, he has acknowledged that he is batting differently due to that fact that, firstly, no batsman can bat the same way for the entire length of a long career and, secondly, he is a senior member of the team now and thus has more responsibility. During the early part of his career he was a more attacking batsman and frequently scored centuries at close to a run a ball. Ian Chappell, former Australian player, recently remarked that "Tendulkar now, is nothing like the player he was when he was a young bloke".^[83]
  Tendulkar has incorporated several modern and unorthodox strokes into his repertoire in recent times, including the paddle sweep, the scoop over short fine leg and the slash to third man over the slips' heads, over the last seven or eight years. This has enabled him to remain scoring consistently in spite of the physical toll of injuries and a lean period in the mid-2000s. By his own admission, he does not bat as aggressively as he did in the 90s and early 2000s, because his body has undergone changes and cannot sustain aggressive shotmaking over a long period. He is often praised for his ability to adapt to the needs of his body and yet keep scoring consistently.
  While Tendulkar is not a regular bowler, he is adept at bowling medium pace, leg spin, and off spin with equal ease. He often bowls when two batsmen of the opposite team have been batting together for a long period, as he can often be a useful partnership breaker. With his bowling, he has helped secure an Indian victory on more than one occasion.^[84] He has taken 44 test match wickets and is the ninth highest wicket taker for India in ODIs.^[85]
  

  Controversies

  Mike Denness incident

  Main article: Mike Denness and Indian cricket team incident
  In the second test of India's 2001 tour of South Africa, match referee Mike Denness fined four Indian players for excessive appealing as well as the Indian captain Sourav Ganguly for not controlling his team.^[86] Tendulkar was given a suspended ban of one game in light of alleged ball tampering. Television cameras picked up images that suggested Tendulkar may have been involved in cleaning the seam of the cricket ball in the second test match between India and South Africa at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth.^[87] This can, under some conditions, amount to altering the condition of the ball. The match referee Mike Denness found Sachin Tendulkar guilty of ball tampering charges and handed him a one Test match ban.^[88] The incident escalated to include allegations of racism,^[89] and led to Mike Denness being barred from entering the venue of the third test match. After a thorough investigation, the International Cricket Council revoked the official status of the match and the ban on Tendulkar was lifted. Tendulkar's ball tampering charges and Sehwag's ban for excessive appealing triggered a massive backlash from the Indian public and even the Indian parliament.^[90]
  

  Controversy over Ferrari customs waiver

  In commemorating Tendulkar's feat of equalling Don Bradman's 29 centuries in Test Cricket, automotive giant Ferrari invited Tendulkar to its paddock in Silverstone on the eve of the British Grand Prix (23 July 2002) to receive a Ferrari 360 Modena from the F1 world champion Michael Schumacher.^[91] On 4 September 2002 India's then finance minister Jaswant Singh wrote to Tendulkar telling him that the government will waive customs duty imposed on the car as a measure to applaud his feat.^[92] However the rules at the time stated that the customs duty can be waived only when receiving an automobile as a prize and not as a gift. It is claimed that the proposals to change the law (Customs Act) was put forth in Financial Bill in February 2003 and amended was passed as a law in May 2003. Subsequently the Ferrari was allowed to be brought to India without payment of the customs duty (Rs 1.13 Crores or 120% on the car value of Rs 75 Lakhs).^[93] When the move to waive customs duty became public in July 2003, political and social activists protested the waiver^[94] and filed PIL in the Delhi High Court. With the controversy snowballing, Fiat India agreed to pay the import duty.^[95] Tendulkar has been seen taking his Ferrari 360 Modena for late-night drives in Mumbai.
  

  In popular culture

  Fan following

  
  

  Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, a die hard fan of Tendulkar who earned the privilege to get tickets to all home games of India for lifetime
  Tendulkar's entry into world cricket was very much hyped up by former Indian stars and those who had seen him play. By scoring his first half-century in his second match and his first century aged 17, Tendulkar's consistent performances earned him a fan following across the globe, including amongst Australian crowds, where Tendulkar has consistently scored centuries.^[48] One of the most popular sayings by his fans is "Cricket is my religion and Sachin is my God".^[96] Cricinfo mentions in his profile that "... Tendulkar remains, by a distance, the most worshipped cricketer in the world."^[97] During the Australian tour of India in 1998 Matthew Hayden said "I have seen God. He bats at no. 4 in India in Tests." ^[98]
  At home in Mumbai, Tendulkar's fan following is so great that he is unable to lead a normal life. Ian Chappell has said that he would be unable to cope with the lifestyle Tendulkar was forced to lead, having to "wear a wig and go out and watch a movie only at night".^[83] In an interview with Tim Sheridan, Tendulkar admitted that he sometimes went for quiet drives in the streets of Mumbai late at night when he would be able to enjoy some peace and silence.^[99]
  

  Business interests

  Tendulkar's immense popularity has led him to numerous profitable business dealings in the past. Sachin Tendulkar was an early pioneer in India on cricket business dealings when he signed a then record sports management deal with Worldtel in 1995, the value of the deal being 30 crore rupees over five years.^[100] His next contract with WorldTel in 2001 was valued at 80 crores over five years.^[101] In 2006, he signed a contract with Saatchi and Saatchi's ICONIX values at 180 crores over three years.^[102]
  Making use of his popularity, Tendulkar has opened two restaurants: 'Tendulkar's'^[103] (Colaba, Mumbai) and 'Sachin's'^[104] (Mulund, Mumbai). Sachin owns these restaurants in partnership with Sanjay Narang of Mars Restaurants. He has also got a new restaurant in Bangalore called Sachin's.
  In 2007, Tendulkar also announced a JV with the Future Group and Manipal Group to launch healthcare and sports fitness products under the brand name 'S Drive and Sach'.^[105] A series of comic books by Virgin Comics is also due to be published featuring him as a superhero.^[106]
  

   

  Product and brand endorsements

  Sachin Tendulkar endorses the following products:
  
• Pepsi: 1992–Present^[107]
• Canon: 2006–2009^[108]
• Airtel: 2004–2006^[109]
• Nazara Technologies: 2005–2008. License for Mobile Content development based on Sachin.^[110]
  • Reliance Communications sub-licensed brand 'Sachin Tendulkar' to update the user of the latest 2007 Cricket World Cup scores and news in Sachin's voice. Hutch – ICC's prime communication sponsor protested calling Reliance's plan as 'ambush marketing', a charge that Reliance Communication denies.^[111]
• Britannia: 2001–2007^[112]
• HomeTrade: 2001–2002^[113]
• Sunfeast: 2007–2013/14^[114]
• National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC): 2003–2005^[115]
• Boost: 1990–Present^[116]
• Action Shoes: 1995–2000^[117]
• Adidas: 2000–2010^[118]
• Fiat Palio: 2001 to 2003^[119]
• Reynolds: 2007–Present^[120]
• TVS: 2002–2005^[121]
• ESPN Star Sports: 2002–Present^[122]
• G-Hanz: 2005–2007^[123]
• Sanyo BPL: 2007–Present^[124]
• AIDS Awareness Campaign: 2005^[125]
• Colgate-Palmolive^[126]
• Philips^[126]
• MRF^[126]
• VISA^[126]
• Aviva
• Royal Bank of Scotland Group
• Toshiba

Biographies

Sachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career:

• Sachin: The Story of the World's Greatest Batsman by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN 978-0-14-302854-3^[127]
• The A to Z of Sachin Tendulkar by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN 978-81-7476-530-7^[128][129]
• Sachin Tendulkar-a definitive biography by Vaibhav Purandare. Publisher: Roli Books. ISBN 81-7436-360-2^[130][131]
• Sachin Tendulkar – Masterful by Peter Murray, Ashish Shukla. Publisher: Rupa. ISBN 81-7167-806-8^[132][133]
• If Cricket is a Religion, Sachin is God by Vijay Santhanam, Shyam Balasubramanian Publisher: HarperCollins India ISBN 978-81-7223-821-6^[134]

Career achievements

Main articles: Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar and List of ODI Awards for Sachin Tendulkar

An innings-by-innings breakdown of Tendulkar's Test match batting career, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line)

Sachin Tendulkar is the most prolific run scorer in one-day internationals with 17,598 runs. With a current aggregate of 14240 Test runs, he surpassed Brian Lara's previous record tally of 11,953 runs as the highest run scorer in test matches in the second Test of Australia's 2008 tour of India in Mohali.^{[19] [135]} Tendulkar described "It is definitely the biggest achievement in 19 years of my career" on the day he achieved the record.^[136] He also holds the record of highest number of centuries in both Test (49) and ODI cricket (46). Throughout his career, he has made a strong impact on Indian cricket and was, at one time, the foundation of most of the team's victories. In recognition with his impact on sport in a cricket-loving country like India, Tendulkar has been granted the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India. He was also chosen as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1997 and is ranked by the Wisden 100 as the second best test batsman and best ODI batsman of all time.
Tendulkar has also consistently done well in Cricket World Cups. Tendulkar was the highest run scorer of the 2003 Cricket World Cup and 1996 Cricket World Cup. Tendulkar has scored over 1000 runs in a calendar year in ODIs 7 times, and in 1998 he scored 1894 runs, easily the record for the highest number of runs scored by any player in a single calendar year for one day internationals. Tendulkar is also one of the very few players who are still playing in international cricket from the 1980s. On 24 February 2010, Tendulkar broke the previous world record for highest individual run scorer in an ODI and became the first male cricketer to score double century in ODI. He scored 200 runs and broke the previous record of 194 runs jointly held by Pakistan opener Saeed Anwar and Zimbabwe's Charles Coventry.^[137]
He has been Man of the Match 13 times in Test matches and Man of the Series four times,^[138] out of them twice in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia. The performances earned him respect from Australian cricket fans and players.^[48] Similarly he has been Man of the Match 60 times in One day International matches and Man of the Series 14 times.

Individual honours and appreciations

• ICC Award-Sir Garfield Sobers trophy for cricketer of the year 2010
• Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, 2008.^[139]
• ICC World ODI XI: 2004, 2007
• Rajiv Gandhi Awards – Sports: 2005^[140]
• Player of the tournament in 2003 Cricket World Cup
• Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra State's highest Civilian Award in 2001 ^[141]
• Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, 1999^[142]
• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honour given for achievement in sports, 1997–98.^[143]
• Wisden Cricketer of the Year: 1997
• Arjuna Award, by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in Cricket, 1994.^[144]

See also

Cricket portal

• List of International cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar
• Indian cricket team
• Indian national cricket captains
• Wisden Cricketers of the Year
• List of One-day International records

Notes

1. ^ Bradman's team: Barry Richards (South Africa), Arthur Morris (Australia), Don Bradman (Australia), Sachin Tendulkar (India), Garry Sobers (West Indies), Don Tallon (Australia), Ray Lindwall (Australia), Dennis Lillee (Australia), Alec Bedser (England), Bill O'Reilly (Australia), Clarrie Grimmett (Australia). 12th man Wally Hammond (England)^[15]

                  ^{SACHIN TENDLKAR ODI MATCH 200 RUN HIGHLIGHT 2010}

 

SACHIN TENDLKAR BATING HIGHLIGHT

SACHIN TENDLKAR INNINGS VS PAKISTAN PART 2

 

fifa world cup 2014 brazil

WORLD BIG GAME FIFA WORLD CUP 2014 BRAZIL

The 2014 World Cup is heading to Brazil. In less than 4 years, the greatest football spectacle of them all will be heading to the country that introduced the notion of the beautiful game. For the first time in 64 years, football’s biggest event will grace Brazil’s shores and a feast of football is sure to be served up in front of passionate crowds.  True, there is the small matter of the World Cup in South Africa in 2010 to contend with first, but football fans across Brazil and indeed the world are rubbing their hands in anticipation of the 2014 Brazil World Cup.
Who will be there? Who will be defending champions? These are questions we have no answers to. Yet. Follow the route to the Brazil World Cup in 2014 with us as we will keep you up to date with all the ups and downs right up until the trophy is lifted at the end of the 2014 Brazil World Cup.

World Cup Facts and Figures

World Cup Fact: Four countries have hosted the World Cup Finals twice in its history. They are Italy, France, Germany and Mexico. Brazil will become the fifth when it hosts the 2014 tournament.
Did you know that the most goals scored by a single player in one match is 5? Oleg Salenko scored 5 times for Russia against Cameroon in the 1994 USA World Cup.

A Brazilian Timeline.

Thinking forward to the Brazil 2014 World cup it is hard to think of a time when there was no FIFA World Cup.  The tournament which graces us with its presence every 4 years is probably only second on a global stage to the Olympic Games due to the number of nations who attend each four year celebration of sporting excellence.  Yet before 1930 (when Brazil lost 2-1 to Yugoslavia), there was no world cup.  There was no competition to determine the best international side in the world.
Thanks, however, to FIFA President Jules Rimet international football would be changed forever. It was proposed that the first world cup would take place in Uruguay as a result of them being Olympic champions.  It was the only World Cup where qualifying wouldn’t take place and invitations were sent out to all major footballing nations.  The response to the idea of a global tournament was not a warm one.  A number of nations decided against entering the tournament, England most notably, citing a number of reasons for their non attendance.  So, despite the low attendance, only 13 teams contested, when the tournament kicked off, Jules Rimet was able to realize his dream to determine who would become the first ever world champions.
Ultimately, it was the host nation who triumphed and went on to raise the Jules Rimet trophy, but from such inauspicious and humble beginnings the World Cup has gone from strength to strength and is now contested by thirty two international teams in attendance from all corners of the globe.  It is an event watched by billions and something that every football fan positively salivates over and dreams of watching their side stand alone as the Champions of the World.  This timeline follows the history and successes of one of the sides who has competed in every single World Cup since its inception, Brazil.
Since the format began, Brazil have been the major success story of the tournament with a record five victories, enthralling and entertaining sides with their brand of fantasy football.  Their sides have fielded some of the greatest names in footballing history, produced arguably the greatest team of all time in Mexico 1970 and given football fans one of the two finest players ever to grace the football stage.  They are a major reason behind the competition’s massive popularity and will, no doubt, lavish us with a wonderful tournament in six years time.  That is the in future, so let us look at the past and go back in time to Uruguay in 1930 and see how it all began for the boys from Brazil.

Winners List

Here are the full list of winners of the previous FIFA World Cups. Click on the highlighted text for more information about each host city and participating country. Are you looking for results for South Africa 2010?

Year	Host Country	Winner	Score
2010	South Africa	Spain	Spain 1-0 Netherlands
2006	Germany	Italy	Italy 1-1 (5-3) France
2002	Japan / S. Korea	Brazil	Brazil 2-0 Germany
1998	France	France	France 3-0 Brazil
1994	US	Brazil	Brazil 3-2 Italy
1990	Italy	Germany	Germany 1-0 Argentina
1986	Mexico	Argentina	Argentina 3-2 Germany
1982	Spain	Italy	Italy 3-1 Germany
1978	Argentina	Argentina	Argentina 3-1 Holland
1974	Germany	Germany	Germany 2-1 Holland
1970	Mexico	Brazil	Brazil 4-1 Italy
1966	England	England	England 4-2 Germany
1962	Chile	Brazil	Brazil 3-1 Czechoslovakia
1958	Sweden	Brazil	Brazil 5-2 Sweden
1954	Switzerland	Germany	Germany 3-2 Hungary
1950	Brazil	Uruguay	Uruguay 2-1 Brazil
1946	not held
1942	not held
1938	France	Italy	Italy 4-2 Hungary
1934	Italy	Italy	Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia
1930	Uruguay	Uruguay	Uruguay 4-2 Argentina

Fly Emirates

Emirates Airline is the largest airline in the Middle East. It is the national airline of Dubai, United Arab Emirates and operates over 2,400 passenger flights per week,^[1][2] from its hub at Dubai International Airport Terminal 3, to 105 cities in 62 countries across 6 continents,^[3] the company also operates three of the ten world's longest non-stop commercial flights from Dubai to Los Angeles, San Francisco and Houston, with all except San Francisco on the Boeing 777-200LR.^[4][5][6] The flight to San Francisco is currently served by a Boeing 777-300ER.^[4] Emirates is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which has over 50,000 employees, and is wholly-owned by the Government of Dubai directly under the Investment Corporation of Dubai.^[7] Cargo activities are undertaken by the Emirates Group's Emirates SkyCargo division.^[8]
During the mid-1980s, Gulf Air began to cut back its services to Dubai. As a result Emirates was conceived in March 1985 with backing from Dubai's royal family, whose Dubai Royal Air Wing provided two of the airline's first aircraft. It was required to operate independent of government subsidies, apart from $10 million in start-up capital. The airline became headed by Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the airline's present chairman. In the years following its founding, the airline expanded both its fleet and its destinations.^[9] In October 2008, Emirates moved all operations at Dubai International Airport to Terminal 3, a new terminal exclusively dedicated to Emirates to sustain its rapid expansion and growth plans.^[10]
Emirates operates a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing wide-body aircraft and is one of only nine airlines to operate an all wide-body aircraft fleet. The centrepiece of the airline's fleet is the Boeing 777. Emirates also has orders for 90 Airbus A380s with 12 of them already in service and became the second operator of the Airbus A380-800 after Singapore Airlines when their first aircraft was delivered on 28 July 2008.^[11] Emirates has won numerous awards and is an industry bellwether for aircraft purchases, purchasing over 130 aircraft in 2007 alone.^[12]
The airline ranks amongst the top 10 carriers worldwide in terms of revenue, passenger kilometres, and has become the largest airline in the Middle East in terms of revenue, fleet size, and passengers carried as of 2007.^[13] In 2010 the airline was the sixth-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried,^[14] and largest^[15] in the world in terms of scheduled international passenger-kilometres flown. The airline was also the seventh largest in terms of scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown.^[16]
Emirates has built up a strong brand name as a trendsetter in the aviation industry, particularly in terms of service excellence, coupled with consistent profitability.^[17] In 2010, Emirates was voted the eighth best airline in the world by research consultancy firm Skytrax.^[18]

Origins

Boeing 777-300ER

During the mid-1980s, Gulf Air began to cut back its services to Dubai. As a result Emirates was conceived in March 1985 with backing from Dubai's royal family, whose Dubai Royal Air Wing provided two of the airline's first aircraft, used Boeing 727-200/Advs. It was required to operate independent of government subsidies, apart from $10 million in start-up capital. It also leased a new Boeing 737-300 from Pakistan International Airlines which was returned in 1987.^[19]
The first flight of the airline was Dubai-Karachi on 25 October 1985.^[20] The airline leased an Airbus 300B4-200 from Pakistan International Airlines. Bombay and Delhi were the next destinations for the airline. The youngest person ever to be in the cockpit of an Emirates plane flying overseas is a 16 year old girl from Melbourne, Abir El-Sayed a Melbournian was the first to be junior co-pilot in a international boarding plane from Tullamarine airport on a Friday at 1:20pm EST. 2010. The flight had a stop over in Singapore and finally landed in Qatar Doha airport. Captain Abdal Rahman sa’eed from Riyadh, Captain Mohammad Hassan from Qatar and Abir El-sayed were welcomed by a crowd of officials, including chairman of the airline, corporate manager of the airline in Doha and three members of the royal family. She was awarded with a Junior international flighting association certificate, title of the youngest pilot to board an emirates cockpit position and a Guinness world Record breaking achievement.
Emirates became profitable within its first nine months. During its first year, it carried about 260,000 passengers and 10,000 tons of freight. By 1986, the airline was adding new destinations such as Colombo, Dhaka, Amman, and Cairo to its route network. Emirates launched daily nonstop service to London Gatwick on 6 July 1987 with two new Airbus A310s. It also started flights to Singapore. The airline in 1987 added Frankfurt via Istanbul, and Male (Maldive Islands). Emirates lacked a regional network, as its main competitor Gulf Air also dominated traffic in the region.
This growth came as the region was experiencing a downturn, with the Gulf War and the laying off expatriate workers as factors. In its second year, competitors had accused Emirates of starting a price war, something the airline's competitors still accuse Emirates of doing. By the end of 1987, Emirates was serving 11 destinations.^[21]

Incorporation and growth

Emirates had become one of the world's fastest growing airlines by the early 1990s. Revenues increased by about $100 million each year, approaching $500 million in the year 1993. It carried 68,000 tons of cargo and 1.6 million passengers in the same year. The Gulf War had helped Emirates by keeping other airlines out of the area. Emirates was the only airline to continue flying in the last ten days of the war.^{[citation needed]}

A partnership agreement with US Airways entered in the fall of 1993 allowed Emirates to offer services round the world. It previously had cooperation agreements with Cyprus Airways. By 1994, the airline was connecting 32 destinations with its 15 aircraft. At this time Emirates was the sixth largest airline in the Middle East.
Emirates took in revenues of $643.4 million in the year ending 30 March 1994. The airline had 4,000 employees and carried two million passengers a year between 34 destinations with a fleet of 18 Airbus aircraft. Seven new Boeing 777s worth over $1 billion were ordered in 1992 which began to arrive in the spring of 1996. One of the planes was used on a new service to Melbourne via Singapore. Emirates placed a large order with Airbus later the same year. In spite of the large capital expenditures, the Dubai government had laid out only $50 million since the airline's inception.

A total of 92 air carriers were flying to markets internationally and Emirates faced intense competition at its home base. It carried about three million passengers a year to Dubai International Airport in the mid-1990s. Emirates continued to expand during the late 1990s. The growing cargo business accounted for 16 percent of the airline's total revenues.

Airbus A330-200 lands at London Heathrow Airport

In May 1998, Emirates paid the Government of Sri Lanka $70 million for a 40 percent stake in SriLankan Airlines (formerly known as Air Lanka). As part of the deal, Emirates received a 10 year contract to manage SriLankan.^[22] In January 2008, Emirates announced that it would give back management of SriLankan Airlines to the Sri Lankan Government, effective April 2008.^[22][23] However there are no plans to remove or decrease the stake in the airline.^[22]

Towards the end of the year 2000, Emirates was planning to start ultra-long-haul service to the East Coast and West Coast of the United States as well as nonstop flights to Australia and Argentina. Traffic continued to grow at a rate of 20 percent in 1999–2000.

In 2005, Emirates began flying non-stop to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport using their new Airbus A340-500. These flights marked new non-stop air services between the United Arab Emirates and the USA, after Delta Air Lines's flights since 2001, terminated later^[25][26] and restarted again in 2007.
Emirates has been steadily capturing the traffic from South Asia to North America, allowing passengers to bypass the traditional hubs of London Heathrow, Frankfurt, and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport; the home bases of British Airways, Lufthansa, and Air France, respectively, with a transit stop at Dubai International Airport instead. South Asia has remained an important region for the Emirates network. Pakistan was the first country to receive flights from the airline and it still does to this day.^[27] India was the second country to receive flights from Emirates, and continues to expand an extensive network in India. Emirates is the largest airline operating internationally in India and operates over 185 flights a week across 10 cities.^[28] Similarly, Emirates competes with British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways International, Middle Eastern rivals Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways, and other airlines on the lucrative London to Sydney Kangaroo Route.^[29]
After strong growth, Tim Clark warned at the 2010 Farnborough Airshow that recent fleet expansion was reaching constraints on airport capacity and airspace capacity.^[30] During the year, Emirates also won the World's Best Airline Inflight Entertainment at the 2010 World Airline Awards.^[31]

Airbus A380

Emirates announced an order in April 2000 as the first launch customer for the Airbus A3XX (later named Airbus A380), the largest civil aircraft ever built. The deal comprised five Airbus A380-800s and two Airbus A380-800F. The deal was confirmed on 4 November 2001, and Emirates announced orders for 15 more A380-800s at the same time. Two years later Emirates again placed an order, this time for 21 A380-800s. In April 2006, Emirates ordered two more A380-800s, and cancelled their two orders for the freighter variant. In 2007, Emirates ordered 15 A380-800s, bringing the total number ordered to 58.^[32] Emirates justified its order saying that purchasing the 481- to 656-passenger super jumbo was to maximize its use of scarce takeoff and landing slots at crowded airports like London Heathrow.
In November 2005, the first A380-800 in full Emirates livery was flown to Dubai, where it was displayed at Dubai Airshow 2005.^[33] On 20 November 2005, Emirates ordered 42 Boeing 777s, to help with its expansion. This order came one day after Airbus announced that the A380-800 superjumbo would be delayed by another six months.^[34] A third delay was announced on 3 October 2006, pushing the initial delivery of the first A380-800 to October 2007.^[35] The announcement was met with anger by Emirates' President Tim Clark, who threatened to cancel their Airbus order as it was affecting the airline's expansion plan, saying:

“	It's very serious. This will do us serious damage.[36]	”

In total as of April 2008, Airbus paid as much as $110 million during 2007 in compensation for the late delivery of the A380-800 to Emirates for the delays.^[37] During the same year, on 1 August, Emirates flew its first A380-800 flight, with 489 passengers, from Dubai to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport.^[38][39]
In February 2009, Emirates raised many issues concerning its A380 superjumbos.^[40][41] Emirates gave a 46-page presentation in Toulouse, informing Airbus officials about heat-damaged power cables, defective engines and numerous malfunctions, many reportedly caused by the two showers installed in the aircraft.^{[42][43][43][44][45]}
On 8 June 2010, at the Berlin Air show, Emirates ordered an additional 32 A380s worth $11.5 billion. The deal was the biggest single order for the world’s largest passenger aircraft.^[46][47] This latest order, added to the 58 A380s previously ordered, brings the total to 90.^[48] Emirates expects all 90 superjumbos to be delivered by 2017. None of the additional 32 jets are intended to replace existing A380s; although Emirates received its first A380 in 2008, it does not expect to retire these early airframes before 2020.^[49] Later in June 2010, Tim Clark, the president of Emirates, hinted at further orders for A380s.^[50]
Emirates aims to operate over 120 Airbus A380s when new airport space is available. The target implies a future Emirates order for 30 of the world's largest airliner, worth $10 billion at list prices, at an unspecified date. If the airline went ahead with its growth plans it would have an A380 fleet worth over $40 billion.^[51][52]

 The airline now uses their Airbus A380-800 on flights to:

• Bangkok^[53]
• Sydney
• Toronto
• Auckland (via Sydney)^[54]
• London Heathrow – double daily services
• Seoul/Incheon
• Jeddah^[55]
• Paris^[56][57]
• Beijing-Capital
• Manchester
• Hong Kong (via Bangkok)
• New York City-JFK – resumes on October 31, 2010^[58]

The airline also flew their Airbus A380-800 on a one time flight to the following destinations:

• San Francisco on August 4, 2008, for a promotional tour.
• Delhi on July 15, 2010, to open the new terminal.
• Milan-Malpensa on July, 29, 2010, to launch the new AC Milan kit, and unveil Emirates as shirt sponsor.

In addition to this, Emirates operated the A380 into Birmingham International Airport on Sept 9, 2009 to celebrate the airports 70th birthday and the opening of the new International Pier. The A380 substituted the normal Boeing 777-300 on the lunchtime flight. The airline has also expressed interest in starting A380 flights to Melbourne.^[59] The airline is also looking at adding its second regional A380 route in the next coming year also. The most likely to be served by of these will be Birmingham, Dusseldorf or Houston.
The Dubai to Jeddah route was - and will be - the shortest route flown by the Airbus A380, following the introduction and withdrawal of the London to Paris services by Air France over Summer 2010. It has a flight time of approximately three hours with the use of the aircraft on this route being justified because the Dubai to Jeddah route has a high demand, so a larger aircraft handles the traffic more efficiently. The Airbus A380 recently made its first scheduled landing at Manchester Airport on 1 September 2010 at 12.20 am after departing from Dubai^{[citation needed]}.

Terminal 3

Dubai International Airport's Terminal 3 was built exclusively for the use of Emirates at a cost of $4.5 billion and officially opened 14 October 2008. Terminal 3 is the largest building in the world by floor space, with over 1,500,000 m² (370 acres) of space. The Terminal has annual capacity of 27 million passengers, and with the expansion of Concourse 3, will have an annual capacity of 43 million passengers by 2011, once concourse 3 is complete.^[60] The new concourse 3 will be exclusively for the A380- 800.^{[61][62] [63]}

Corporate management

The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which is a subsidiary of the Dubai government investment company, Investment Corporation of Dubai.^[64][65][66] The airline has recorded a profit every year, except the second, and growth has never fallen below 20% a year. In its first 11 years, it doubled in size every 3.5 years, and has every four years since.^[67]

In 2010 Emirates paid dividends worth AED956m ($260m) in 2010, compared to AED2.9bn ($793m) in 2009.^[68] The government has received Dhs7.1 billion from Emirates since dividends started being paid in 1999 for having provided an initial start-up capital of US$10 million and an additional investment of about US$80 million at the time of the airline's inception,^[69] the Dubai government is the sole owner of the company. However, it does not put any new money into it, nor does it interfere with running the airline.^[67]

Structure and employment

Emirates has diversified into related industries and sectors, including airport services, engineering, hospitality services, catering, and tour operator operations. Emirates has 4 subsidiaries and its parent company has more than 50.^[70][71]
Emirates employed a total of 36,652 staff at the end of the fiscal year on 31 March 2010.^[72] Its parent company, The Emirates Group, employed a total of 49,950 employees of which 10,785 were cabin crew, 2,237 were flight deck crew, 1,904 were in engineering, and 9,084 were listed as other.^[73] The group plans to hire 5,000 more people across its subsidiaries.

Subsidiaries

Main article: Emirates subsidiaries

Emirates has diversified in to related industries and sectors, including aircraft ground handling, aviation engineering, air catering, and tour operator operations. Emirates has over 6 subsidiaries, whilst its parent company has over 50.

 Financial and operational performance

In the financial year 2009–10 reached passenger numbers reached 27.4 million,^[74] up from 22.7 million reported in 2008–09 representing an increase of 20.1% over the previous year. Cargo carried in 2009–10 also improved, by 12.2% to 1,580,000 tonnes (2008–09: 1,408,000 tonnes). ^[75] The airline's profits for the 2009/10 fiscal year rose by more than fourfold to AED 3,538 million ($964 million) up by AED 2,852 million (2008–09: AED 686 million) on the back of cost cutting and a nearly 21 percent rise in passengers.^[76] Its parent company saw profit up 248% for to $1.1 billion for the year to March 31 compared with a $406m profit for the previous year.^[77][78][79]
The airline was the seventh-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried,^[14] and fourth-largest^[15] in the world in terms of scheduled international passenger-kilometres flown. It is also the seventh-largest in terms of scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown (sixth in scheduled international freight tonne-kilometres flown).^[80]

Emirates Financial and Operational Performance

Branding

From 2004, the airline changed its slogan to Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering In 2008, Emirates launched a slogan mainly revolving around their route network of 100 destinations in 59+ countries across six continents – Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering and Fly Emirates. To over Six Continents.^[82] Most recently Emirates launched a campaign to promote Dubai as a destination using the slogan Fly Emirates. Meet Dubai.
Other slogans used in the past by the airline include:

• Emirates. The Finest in the Sky
• Be Good to yourself. Fly Emirates
• When was the last time you did something for the first time. Fly Emirates.
• Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering

Emirates introduced a new design in August 2008 for its 16,000 uniformed staff, designed by Simon Jersey plc. The offboard uniform includes the Emirates hat, red kick-pleats in the skirts, more fitted blouses and the return of red leather shoes and handbags. For the onboard uniform, male and female cabin crew wear service waistcoats in place of the previously worn service jackets and tabards. The male flight attendants wear a chocolate brown suit, featuring pinstripes, with a cream shirt and a caramel, honey and red tie. Both male and female Pursers wear this chocolate brown color, but with no red featured.^[83]
Since its formation in 1985, though to a limited extent until all aircraft were repainted, Emirates aeroplanes carried a section of the United Arab Emirates flag on the tail fins, a calligraphy of the logo in Arabic on the engines and the "Emirates" logo on the fuselage both in Arabic and English. The colour scheme used since 1985 was changed in November 1999 to the one still in use today. This change saw the modification of logotype, the enlargement and move of the English logo (the Arabic remaining smaller) towards the front of the aircraft and a different, flowing flag on the tailfin.^[84] Some newer aircraft such as the Airbus A380-800, have the Emirates logo painted on the belly of the aircraft. Emirates aircraft also have the FIFA World Cup logo on them, as Emirates is the official airline sponsor. ^[85]

Destinations

Main article: Emirates destinations

Emirates operates over 2,300 flights every week across its network of 103 destinations in 65 countries on six continents from its hub in Dubai.^[86] Several new destinations are added each year.

Codeshare agreements

As of August 2010, Emirates has codeshare agreements with the following airlines ^[87]:

Air Malta Air Mauritius Continental Airlines Japan Airlines

Jet Airways Korean Air Oman Air Philippine Airlines

• Royal Air Maroc
• South African Airways
• Thai Airways International
• V Australia

 

Fleet

Emirates operates an exclusively wide-bodied aircraft fleet making up from 3 aircraft families: the Airbus A330 / A340, Airbus A380 and the Boeing 777. In keeping with its policy of maintaining a young fleet, which stands at an average of 5.9 years in July 2010,^[88] it renews its fleet frequently. It operates the youngest fleet of any major airline as of May 2009. The airline also ranks as the largest in the world by international seating capacity, according to the latest annual report by IATA.^[89]
On 30 July 2009, Emirates received its 45th Boeing 777-300ER making it the world's largest operator of Boeing 777s with 84 in the fleet as of July, 2010.^[90] In July 2008, Emirates received its first Airbus A380-800 and in August 2008, it became the second airline to fly the Airbus A380-800, after Singapore Airlines.^[91]
In the 2009/10 fiscal year, Emirates added 14 new aircraft to the fleet which included 10 Boeing 777s and 3 A380-800s. Emirates has one of the world’s highest fleet-utilisation rates at about 18 hours a day.^[92]
On 11 June 2010, Emirates put in £8bn to Airbus for another 32 A380s bringing the A380 fleet to 90 when delivered.^[93] The airline has confirmed that they have aborted a planned deal for 30 A330-300s and 30 more A350-1000s announced in July 2008 and are currently in talks with Boeing for smaller wide-body aircraft.^[94]
On 19 July 2010, Emirates announced a deal with Boeing at the Farnborough Air Show, to buy 30 B777-300ER at a value exceeding $9 billion.^[95]
Emirates will begin phasing out 68 older widebodies – A330-200s, A340-300/500s and 777 “Classics from February 2011.^[94] Emirates plans to have over 320 aircraft by 2018, and some reports suggest that the airline will have more than 400 aircraft in its fleet by 2020.^[96]
Emirates has said that it aims to have 120 Airbus A380s in its fleet when new airport space is available, and is working with Boeing on the next generation of 777 jets.^[97] Tim Clark claims that 120 was the baseline figure and that they couldn't order that amount because it was too many for their home base, so 90 was a compromise. The target implies a future Emirates order for 30 of the world's largest airliner, worth $10bn at list prices, at an unspecified date. If the airline went ahead with its growth plans it would have an A380 fleet worth over $40bn.^[98] Emirates is also working with Boeing on the next generation of 777, and is interested in its replacement.^[99]

 

Passenger

See also: Emirates Fleet

The Emirates passenger aircraft fleet consists of the following widebody aircraft as of September 2010:^[100][101]

Emirates Fleet

Cargo

Main article: Emirates SkyCargo

Emirates Cargo is the air freight division of Emirates. It began operations in October 1985, the same year Emirates was formed. Since then it has been the main cargo division of Emirates, and the anchor cargo airline at Dubai International Airport

Environmental record

 The airline claims to have lower emissions than other airlines due to its fleet which has an average fuel burn of less than four litres for every 100 passenger kilometres they fly.^[102] The Cargo division of the airline also uses an efficient hub-based operation, using fewer flights needed to transport the same number of people.

Fleet efficiency

• Emirates has stated that their versions of A380-800 will offer fuel economy of 3.1 litres per 100 passenger km. Emirates A380-800s also feature the Engine Alliance GP7200 engines, which save 500,000 litres of fuel per aircraft per year.^[103]
• The company uses a program called "Flextracks". The technology is used to plan and optimize routes efficiency and load factor.
• Emirates has invested in a program called "tailored arrivals". This allows air traffic control to uplink to aircraft on route. It first determines the speed and flight profile from the air onto the runway, this allows the crew to accept and fly a continuous descent profile, saving fuel and emissions.^[104]
• Emissions are lowered by using aircraft like the Boeing 777-300ER, which uses one engine to taxi the aircraft to its airbridge.^[105]

 

 

Services

Cabin

First Class

 

First class passengers have a full suite, complete with closing doors to ensure privacy, a mini-bar, a coat rack and storage. They also feature the ICE system on a 23 in (58 cm) LCD screen. The seat converts into a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) fully flat bed. Private suites are available on all A380-800, A340-500, B777-200LR aircraft, as well as 27 of 39 3-class B777-300ER aircraft.
The remaining 11 Boeing 777-300ERs, Boeing 777-200s and Boeing 777-300s feature 'Skycruiser' flat beds with integrated passenger seat control, along with the ICE system and a 19 in (48 cm) screen. First class seats may also include a personal minibar.^[106] On its newly delivered A380-800, first class features private suites,^[107] two shower-equipped lavatories and spa,^[108] and access to the first/business class bar area and lounge.^[109] Premium class seating is located on the entire upper deck of A380-800 aircraft. In 2009, Emirates was voted the second best First Class by Skytrax. Skytrax had said that the Emirates A380-800 product greatly helped influence its position.^[110]

Business Class

 Business class on B777-200LRs, B777-300s and 29 of 39 3-class B777-300ERs as well as 4 of 14 2-class B777-300ERs feature seats with a 60 in (150 cm) pitch that recline to 79 in (200 cm)-long, angled lie-flat beds.^[111] Amenities include massage function, privacy partition, winged headrest with six-way movement, two individual reading lights and an overhead light per seat, in-seat power supply, USB Ports and an RCA socket for laptop connection, over 600 channels of entertainment on ICE, shown on a 17 in (43 cm) wide TV screen.

The A340-500s have deeply reclining sleeper seats which have a 60 in (150 cm) pitch and are 18 in (46 cm) wide. All A340-500 aircraft feature the ICE system in all three classes. The B777-200s and remaining B777-300ERS have deeply reclining seats which are almost lie-flat. They have a 58 in (150 cm) pitch and are 20.5 in (52 cm) wide. The Boeing 777-200s also feature the ICE system. On Airbus A330 aircraft and A340-300s, the seats are standard business class recliners and feature a leg rest and seat back screens. These business class seats are smaller than other business class seats in the Emirates fleet as these aircraft are used predominantly on short-medium haul routes. On Airbus A380-800 aircraft, the seats recline to form a fully flat bed and are equipped with personal mini-bars. Business class passengers also have access to an on-board bar at the rear of the aircraft.^[111] Business class passengers have the ability to customize and save seat and in-flight entertainment settings to a memory key for re-use on future flights.^[112]

 Economy class

Emirates Economy Class offers a 32–34 inch seat pitch (81–86 cm) and standard seat width (except on the Boeing 777 fleet). The seat features adjustable headrests, a 600–1000 channel ICE In-Flight-Entertainment and in-seat laptop power-outlets on newer aircraft and laptop recharging facilities in galleys in older aircraft. There is additional recline on A380 Economy Class seats.^{[113][114][115]}
Emirates is unusual in that it operates a ten-abreast, 3-4-3, seating configuration on its 777 fleet (rather than the customary 3-3-3 or 2-5-2 configuration). This results in a cramped cabin environment especially during meal times due to the reduced width of the seat. Other airlines with this layout include Air France-KLM (on selected 777-300ER aircraft), China Southern Airlines, Philippine Airlines and two Japanese airlines in domestic services (All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines).^[116]

 

In-flight entertainment system

Emirates became the first airline in the world to introduce a personal entertainment system on a commercial aircraft after introducing the world’s first seat-back screens in 1992. All three classes feature a personal in-flight entertainment (IFE) system on Emirates aircraft. There are three types of entertainment system on Emirates: ice; ice Digital Widescreen; and Emirates tv&radio.
Emirates has won the award for best in-flight-entertainment from Skytrax for their ICE system every year since the systems inception in 2003. At present, almost 70% of the fleet has the ice in-flight entertainment and by 2011 the entire Emirates fleet is set to have the system. ICE offers more channels than any other in-flight entertainment system.^[117]
Emirates tv&radio, is also offered mainly on short haul routes, and 30% of the Emirates fleet, offers passengers with 15 video and 26 audio channels, as well as 50 video games. Also available are BBC headlines, an airshow and external cameras giving a birdseye view from the plane.^[118]

ICE

ICE (Information, Communication, Entertainment) is the in-flight entertainment system operated by Emirates.
Introduced in 2003, ICE is available on all new aircraft and features between 600 and 1000 channels to all passengers.^[119] ICE is found on the airline’s Airbus A380-800, Airbus A340-500, Boeing 777-300ER and Boeing 777-200/LR aircraft. It is also available on all Boeing 777–300 aircraft which have all been retrofitted.^[120]
In July 2007, Emirates introduced ICE Digital Widescreen, an updated version of ICE. It offers over 1000 channels of entertainment (up from 600) available to all passengers. ICE Digital Widescreen is available on all new aircraft.^[121]

Information


The system is based on the 3000i system from Panasonic Avionics Corporation. ICE provides passengers with a direct data link to BBC News. ICE is the first IFE system to be connected directly to automatic news updates. This is complemented by ICE's Airshow moving-map software from Rockwell Collins. Exterior cameras located on the aircraft can be viewed by any passenger, through the IFE system, during takeoff and landing. Emirates was also one of the first airlines to introduce high-speed, in-flight Internet service along with Singapore Airlines, by installing the Inmarsat’s satellite system and became the second airline in the world to offer live international television broadcasts using the same system.^[122]         

Communication

  ICE also contains a link to an in-flight email server which allows passengers to access, send or receive emails for US $1 per message.^[123] ICE also contains a seat-to-seat chat service. In November 2006 the airline signed a deal with mobile communications firm AeroMobile to allow in-flight use of mobile phones to call or text people on the ground, on selected 777s. The service was first introduced on a commercial service between Dubai and Casablanca on 20 March 2008.^[124]

Entertainment


The ICE system includes movies, music, and video games. ICE offers over 130 on-demand movie titles and 15 video on demand channels, 60 prerecorded television channels, 350 audio channels, and around 50 video-game titles. ICE can also be accessed in 10 languages such as English, French, German, Spanish, Arabic, Korean, and Japanese.^[125] Since 2003, all entertainment options are available on-demand to all classes with options to pause, forward, and rewind them.
Emirates now features docking capability for Apple Inc.'s iPod portable music and video player as of mid-2007. This allows the device's battery to be charged, but also allows integration with Emirates' in-flight entertainment (IFE) system. This also enables the IFE system to play music, television shows, or movies stored on the iPod, as well as function as a control system.^[126]

Ground services

Passengers may check-in between two to 48 hours prior to flight departure. This may be done over the counter or at the lounge within the airport. Self-service kiosks are also available at Dubai International Airport.^[127]
Alternatively, they may check-in through the Internet or by short message service. Online printing of boarding passes is available through Internet check-in. Passengers on short trips may also check-in on their return flight upon departure from the city of origin.

Lounges

First and business class passengers, as well as Skywards Gold members, have access to Emirates Lounges. The airline has 27 lounges in 23 cities, with plans for 12 more.^{[citation needed]} Skywards Silver members can use the lounge in Terminal One at Dubai. At airports in which Emirates does not operate a departure lounge, a third party departure lounge is usually provided for First and Business class passengers as well as Skywards Gold.

Chauffer-drive

First and business class passengers can make use of complimentary chauffer-driven airport transfers in selected cities.

Frequent Flyer Programme

Main article: The Emirates Group#Loyalty_programs

Emirates uses Skywards as their Frequent flyer programme. Skywards is a three-tier frequent-flier program operated by Emirates. It is used by over 5.72 million customers.^[128] The three tiers are Blue, Silver which requires 25,000 tier miles for entry, and Gold, which requires 50,000 tier miles for entry.^[129]

Business model

Main articles: Emirates Business Model and Emirates Rivalry

The established network carriers in Europe and Australia, i.e. Air France-KLM, British Airways, Lufthansa, and Qantas, perceive Emirates' strategic decision to reposition itself as a global carrier as a major threat because it enables air travellers to by-pass traditional airline hubs such as London Heathrow, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, and Frankfurt Airports on their way between Europe/North America and Asia/Australia by changing flights in Dubai instead. These carriers also find it difficult to deal with the growing competitive threat Emirates poses to their business because of their much higher cost base. The Abu Dhabi based Etihad Airways is also looking to take traffic away from Emirates.^[130]
Some of these carriers—notably Air France and Qantas—are so concerned about the detrimental effects of Emirates' growth on their future ability to compete with it on a level playing field that they have resorted to openly accusing their Dubai-based rival of receiving hidden state subsidies and of maintaining too cozy a relationship with Dubai's airport authority as well as its aviation authority, both of which are also wholly state-owned entities that share the same government owner with the airline. In addition, they have also accused Emirates of taking unfair advantage of its government shareholders' sovereign borrower status. They claim that this masks its true financial performance and reduces its borrowing costs below market rates.^{[67][131][132]}
In May 2010, Emirates Airline executives refuted claims that the carrier does not pay taxes and receives substantial financial assistance from the Dubai government. They claimed that the airline received $80m in cash in kind since the start of the airline 25 years ago and this was substantially lower to what other national carries have received. Maurice Flanagan also claimed that Emirates incurred social costs of around $600m in 2009 and this included municipal taxes to the city of Dubai. The airline also paid a dividend of AED956m ($260m) in 2010, compared to AED2.9bn ($793m) in 2009 and each year the Government has received at least $100m in dividends.^[133]

 

Marketing and sponsorships

Emirates is a sponsor of sports clubs and events, both at its home base and in its overseas markets. It sponsors the annual Dubai Shopping Festival, the Dubai Summer Surprises and the West Australian Symphony Orchestra as well as the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.^[134] As of April 2009, Emirates spends 2.7% of its of its total budget on Marketing and Communications.^[135] For Emirates, marketing expenses account for a far greater share of its total costs than for most of its competitors.^{[citation needed]} In the English-speaking world the sponsorship always carries the words "Fly Emirates". Emirates sponsors Arsenal F.C. and their 60,000 seater Emirates Stadium as well as AC Milan, Olympiacos CFP, Hamburger SV, Paris Saint-Germain FC, Asian Football Confederation (AFC), Emirates Cup, the Collingwood Football Club as well having sponsors with Chelsea F.C. from 2001–05. As of 2009, they also sponsor the Scottish Junior Cup known now for sponsorship reasons as the Emirates Junior Cup, which is the top prize in Scottish Junior football (as opposed to the senior football Scottish Cup).
Emirates also funds many events in rugby. They co-funded construction of The Sevens, a stadium in Dubai purpose-built for the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens, with the Dubai government.^[136] They also will sponsor the Rugby World Cup 2011, IRB Referees and Match Officials, four of the eight events in the IRB Sevens World Series, International Sevens Teams (specifically England and Samoa), and the Western Force. Emirates are also a major sponsor of Emirates Team New Zealand, a New Zealand based yachting syndicate that has enjoyed success in the America's Cup.^[137] Most recently, Emirates signed a sponsorship deal with USA Rugby that will make the airline the shirt sponsor of the country's men's, women's, and sevens teams through 2016.^[138]

In cricket, Emirates sponsors Cricket Australia,^[139] Lord's Taverners,^[140] and Pro Arch Tournament.^[141] Their branding also features on International Cricket Umpires shirts.^[142] Emirates has also become an official partner of the International Cricket Council until 2015. This deal gives emirates association with all major ICC tournaments, including the 2011 and 2015 ICC Cricket World Cups, ICC Champions Trophy and ICC World Twenty20.^[143] They are also the major sponsor of the Kings Xi Punjab team of Indian Premier League, the largest domestic Cricket tournament in the world. Emirates are the Twenty20 shirt sponsor of Durham County Cricket Club and hold the naming rights to the Chester-le-Street Riverside Ground now known as Emirates Durham International Cricket Ground. In Power boat racing they sponsor the UIM Class 1 World Powerboat Championship.^[144]
In horse racing they sponsor the National Thoroughbred Racing Association (NTRA).^[145] In races, Emirates sponsor the Dubai World Cup, Melbourne Cup, Champion Stakes, Newmarket, Yorkshire Cup, York, and The Singapore Derby.^[146] They sponsor the Godolphin stables, and the Australian Jockey Club.^[147][148] Emirates also sponsor the Dubai International Racing Carnival, Melbourne Cup Carnival, and the Australian Jockey Club’s Autumn and Spring Carnival.^[149]
In tennis the airline sponsors the Dubai Tennis Championships,^[150] and the Canadian Open tennis championships held in Montreal and Toronto. Emirates also sponsor the Dubai Grand Racing.^[151] In Golf, they sponsor 12 events, including the Dubai Desert Classic, Dubai Ladies Masters, Malaysian Open, Hong Kong Open, BMW International Open, Austrian Open, Volvo Masters of Asia, Hero Honda Open, Australian PGA Championships, Africa Open, Volvo China Open, and the HSBC Champions.^[152]

Incidents and accidents

 

 Emirates Reported Incidents

See also

• Emirates flight catering
• Transport in the United Arab Emirates

 

Footnotes

 

 

Notes

• ^A Emirates made a move of all its operations to its dedicated Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport on 14 October 2008.
• ^B The number of destinations does not include cargo-only destinations.
• ^C The Emirates Group does not publish figures separately for Emirates SkyCargo or Emirates, instead both of the companies financial results are totaled together.

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Bibliography

• The Economist, 2005/6. London, UK: The Economist Newspaper Ltd.  (The Economist online)
• Financial Times, 29 October 2005. London, UK: UK Edition.  (Financial Times online)
• Financial Times, 19 July 2006. London, UK: UK Edition.  (Financial Times online)
• The Sunday Times, 23 July 2006. London, UK: Times Newspapers Ltd.  (The Sunday Times online)
• Flight International, 25–31 July 2006. Sutton, UK: Reed Business Information Ltd..  (Flight International online)

Further reading

 

• Airliner World (Emirates — 25 Years of Excellence: Building a global network), pp. 28-37. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. October 2010. ISSN 1465-6337.  (Airliner World online)

External links

Find more about Emirates (airline) on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Images and media from Commons
	News stories from Wikinews

• Official site.
• Emirates – Company profile
• Fleet
• Emirates Chairman Interview
• Emirates Parent Company
• Emirates Annual Reports
• Emirates News releases
• Emirates Skycargo